Jack Kruse served in the United States Navy where he acted as aircraft navigator and airborne anti-submarine warfare tactical coordinator. His training included jet air combat maneuvers and low-level visual navigation. He studied combat aircraft used during World War II including aircraft structure, combat usage, performance, strengths, and weaknesses. Jacks’s blog, jackkrusewriter.net, includes articles on Soviet and German aircraft as well as descriptions of the battles in which they were involved.